فصل النعت

It is a taabi’ that indicates upon a meaning in its matboo’, such as جاءني رجلٌ عالمٌ , or in its muta’alliq جاءني رجل عالمٌ ابوه , and it is also called Sifah.

The first type (the one indicating upon a meaning in its matboo’) follows its matboo’ in ten things: in i’raab (grammatical state), ta’reef (definiteness), tankeer (indefiniteness), ifraad (singularity), tathniyah (duality), jam’ (plurality), tadhkeer (masculinity), and ta`neeth (femininity), such as جاءني رجل عالم و رجلان عالمان و رجال عالمون و زيد العالم و امراة عالمة .

The second type (the one indicating upon a meaning in the muta’alliq) follows its matboo’ in five things only, I mean: i’raab (raf’, naSb, and jarr), ta’reef, and tankeer, like His saying, Most High: مِنْ هذِهِ القَرْيَةِ الظالِمِ اهلُها .

And the benefit of na’t is for to specify the man’oot if they are both nakirah, such as جاءني رجلٌ عالمٌ ,  and to clarify it if they are both ma’rifah, such as جاءني زيد الفاضل .

And it is sometimes used for eulogy and praise, such as بسم اللة الرحمن الرحيم .  And it is sometimes used for dispraise, such as اعوذ بالله من الشيطان الرجيم .  And it is sometimes used for emphasis, such as نفخةٌ واحدةٌ .

And know that the nakirah can be made Sifah by a jumlah khabariyyah, such as مررت برجلٍ ابوه عالمٌ او قامَ ابوه .  And the pronoun it never a Sifah or a mawSoof.

الخاتمة في التوابع

And know that which has passed from al-asmaa` al-mu’rabah, their i’raab is original, because ‘awaamil entered upon them from the marfoo’aat, manSoobaat, and majrooraat. And sometimes the i’raab of an ism is due to following what precedes it, and it is called al-taabi’, because it follows that which precedes it with respect to i’raab. And it is every second mu’rab with the i’raab of the one that precedes it form one part.

And the tawaabi’ are of five types: na’t (adjective), ‘aTf bil Huroof (conjunction), ta`keed (corroborative), badl (permutive), and ‘aTful bayaan.