فصل النعت

It is a taabi’ that indicates upon a meaning in its matboo’, such as جاءني رجلٌ عالمٌ , or in its muta’alliq جاءني رجل عالمٌ ابوه , and it is also called Sifah.

The first type (the one indicating upon a meaning in its matboo’) follows its matboo’ in ten things: in i’raab (grammatical state), ta’reef (definiteness), tankeer (indefiniteness), ifraad (singularity), tathniyah (duality), jam’ (plurality), tadhkeer (masculinity), and ta`neeth (femininity), such as جاءني رجل عالم و رجلان عالمان و رجال عالمون و زيد العالم و امراة عالمة .

The second type (the one indicating upon a meaning in the muta’alliq) follows its matboo’ in five things only, I mean: i’raab (raf’, naSb, and jarr), ta’reef, and tankeer, like His saying, Most High: مِنْ هذِهِ القَرْيَةِ الظالِمِ اهلُها .

And the benefit of na’t is for to specify the man’oot if they are both nakirah, such as جاءني رجلٌ عالمٌ ,  and to clarify it if they are both ma’rifah, such as جاءني زيد الفاضل .

And it is sometimes used for eulogy and praise, such as بسم اللة الرحمن الرحيم .  And it is sometimes used for dispraise, such as اعوذ بالله من الشيطان الرجيم .  And it is sometimes used for emphasis, such as نفخةٌ واحدةٌ .

And know that the nakirah can be made Sifah by a jumlah khabariyyah, such as مررت برجلٍ ابوه عالمٌ او قامَ ابوه .  And the pronoun it never a Sifah or a mawSoof.